Oxidal® Ameliorates the Ty1 Retrotransposition Induced by Methyl Methanesulfonate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Teodora Todorova
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Martin Dimitrov
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria and Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Ignat Ignatov *
Scientific Research Center of Medical Biophysics (SRCMB), Sofia, Bulgaria.
Georgi Gluhchev
Institute of Information Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. 5IdeaLabs, LLC, Washington DC, USA
Georgi Dinkov
Institute of Information Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. 5IdeaLabs, LLC, Washington DC, USA.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of Oxidal® to decrease the Ty1 retrotransposition rate in a model system Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Study Design: Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell suspensions were pre-treated with different concentrations Oxidal® and subsequently treated with 16mM methyl methanesulfonate. (MMS)
Methodology: The potential of various concentrations Oxidal® was evaluated based on “spot” test and Ty1 retro-transposition test.
Results: Data revealed that only 5% Oxidal® possesses some cytotoxic properties. Lack of Ty1 retro-transposition was observed after single treatment with 1, 2.5 and 5% Oxidal® concentrations.
On the other hand, all the tested concentrations showed promising results against the standard carcinogen methyl methane sulfonate. The most pronounced anti-carcinogenic and cytoprotective effects were observed after pre-treatment with 2.5% Oxidal®, which could be attributed to the antioxidant properties of the combination of ingredients; methylene blue, salicylic acid and caffeine. Further studies could reveal the exact mechanism of action of the supplement and the role of the antioxidant potential.
Conclusion: New data is provided concerning the potential of Oxidal® at low concentrations to protect Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells from MMS-induced Ty1 retro-transposition. The cytoprotective properties of the supplement were also obtained. These results could be considered as a basis for further studies revealing the exact mechanisms of cell protection of the Oxidal®. Additionally, our data could also serve as an important step of the in-depth research of a potential antiviral activity.
Keywords: Oxidal®, methylene blue, cytotoxic/anticytotoxic, carcinogenic/anticarcinogenic effects, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.