Streptococcus agalactiae: Vaginal Carriage, Associated Risk Factors and Antibiotic Susceptibility in Pregnant Women Received at Ouakam Military Hospital Laboratory, Senegal
Papa Aly Thiam Gueye *
Medical Biology Laboratory, Ouakam Military Hospital, HMO, Dakar, Senegal.
Cheikh Faye
Medical Biology Laboratory, Ouakam Military Hospital, HMO, Dakar, Senegal.
Aissatou Sow Ndoye
Medical Biology Laboratory, National Gendarmerie Health Service, Dakar, Senegal.
Pasca Elie Engo
Medical Biology Laboratory, Ouakam Military Hospital, HMO, Dakar, Senegal.
Mame Diarra Ba
Medical Biology Laboratory, Idrissa Pouye General Hospital, HOGIP, Dakar, Senegal.
Souleymane Aïdara
Medical Biology Laboratory, Diourbel Health District, Diourbel, Senegal.
Moustapha Mbow
Medical Biology Laboratory, Ouakam Military Hospital, HMO, Dakar, Senegal and Department of Immunology, FMPO, Cheikh Anta Diop University, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal.
Mame Cheikh Seck
Medical Biology Laboratory, Ouakam Military Hospital, HMO, Dakar, Senegal and Department of Parasitology, FMPO, Cheikh Anta Diop University, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Introduction: Streptococcus agalactiae or Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a commensal bacterium of the female reproductive tract that can be pathogenic in newborns. The objectives of this present study were: to determine the rate of vaginal carriage of GBS in pregnant women, the associated risk factors and to evaluate antibiotic resistance.
Methodology: We conducted a prospective, descriptive, analytical study in the medical biology laboratory of Ouakam Military Hospital from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the Vitek 2 COMPACT automated system (bioMérieux). Statistical analysis was performed with RStudio software (version 4.3.2) and differences were considered significant if p<0.05.
Results: We received 327 pregnant women with a mean age of 31.8 ± 5.4 years. Vaginal GBS carriage was 17.74% (58/327), higher in women aged 26-35 years (70.69%), in the third trimester of pregnancy (46.6%), primiparous (46.6%), university-educated (44.8%) and having used contraception at least once (67.2%). It was higher in those with non-fetid leucorrhoea (53.4%), local inflammation (53.4%), local symptoms (67.2%), balanced vaginal flora (75.9%), use of a disposable pad (61.5%), and no previous abortion (58.6%). However, none of these factors was significantly associated with vaginal GBS carriage (p>0.05). There was no resistance to vancomycin, tigecycline, teicoplanin, linezolid and daptomycin, while tetracycline was the least active molecule.
Conclusion: The rate of vaginal carriage of GBS in the pregnant women in our study was relatively high, with no significantly associated risk factors. Non-negligible resistance to penicillin G was noted. However, vancomycin, tigecycline, teicoplanin, linezolid and daptomycin could be therapeutic alternatives.
Keywords: Streptococcus agalactiae, vaginal carriage, risk factors, antibiotic resistance