Fecal Carriage of Beta-Lactam-Resistant Escherichia coli Through Pigeon Droppings (Columba palumbus) in Lome, Togo
A. B. W. Siliadin *
Faculty of Health Sciences (FSS), University of Lomé, Togo, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology (BIOLIM), University of Lomé, Togo and Doctoral School in Science, Engineering and Technology (STIS), University of Lomé, Togo.
M. B. Diallo
National Institute of Public Health, University of Gamal Abdel Nasser Conakry, Guinea.
K. D. Ananivi
Faculty of Health Sciences (FSS), University of Lomé, Togo.
T. Sama
Faculty of Health Sciences (FSS), University of Lomé, Togo.
L. Gahimbare
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Congo.
M. Salou
Faculty of Health Sciences (FSS), University of Lomé, Togo and Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology (BIOLIM), University of Lomé, Togo.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: The study aimed to report the occurrence of ESBL-Escherichia coli from pigeons.
Study Design and Place and Duration of Study: A total of 16 Samples were collected including eight from residential and eight from commercial pigeon houses from February to July 2024 in Lomé's Golfe district.
Study Design: This forward-looking study took place from February to July 2024 in Lomé's Golfe district, Togo.
Place and Duration of Study: Four samples were collected monthly and per site over six months from four pigeon houses, namely two residential and two commercial pigeon houses.
Methodology: Freshly excreated droppings were collected and inoculated on-site directly into Mac Conkey Agar + 4mg/l of CTX (Cefotaxime) and Mac Conkey Agar + ERT 0,5mg/l of (Ertapenem) media, then into salted peptone water. After 24 h incubation at 37°C, the inoculums were reseeded onto Mac Conkey Agar + 4mg/l of CTX (Cefotaxime) and Mac Conkey Agar + ERT 0,5mg/l of (Ertapenem) media for a further 24 h incubation at 37°C. All colony types obtained on the seeded media were identified at the end of the different incubations using the API 20E gallery. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E coli isolate were detected by antibiogram using the Kirby-Bauer method.
Results: Of the 96 samples taken, evenly distributed by type of loft, 52 (54.17%) contained ESBL E. coli isolate. No resistance to carbapenems was observed in any of the E coli isolate isolated. Over the study period, from the dry to the rainy season, was observed an increase in the carriage of E coli ESBL in commercial and domestic pigeons, reflecting more frequent dissemination of E coli ESBL isolate as compared to the rainy season than during the dry season.
Conclusion: pigeons are a reservoir for transferring multi-resistant E. coli isolate to humans.
Keywords: Faecal carriage, E coli, ESBL, Columba palumbus