Phytochemical Analysis and Chromatographic Studies of Pergularia tomentosa L. and Mitracarpus scaber Zucc
S. A. Shinkafi *
Department of Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out on Pergularia tomentosa and Mitracarpus scaber (leaves), the results revealed the presence of Tannins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Saponins, Glycosides, Saponin Glycosides, Cardiacglycosides, Anthraquinone and Steroids.The quantitative phytochemical analysis of the plants indicated high contents of total saponins and flavonoids compounds (4.44g% and 4.32g% saponins and 4.28g% and 4.51g% for flavonoids of P. tomentosa and M. scaber respectively). Results obtained from the analysis of variance indicated significant difference between the values of different weights of phytochemical components obtained. (P≤0.5) at 5% confidence level. Post experimental analysis using the least significant difference test (LSD = 0.69) showed that saponins and flavonoids compounds stand out different from other compounds. Extaction of the plants was carried out using organic solvents, (chloroform and N- Hexane). Column chromatographic fractionation of the active extracts of the plants revealed five fractions in each of the extracts, (CHL1 to CHL5 andHX1 to HX5).The phytochemical analysis of the active fractions indicated Saponins and Flavonoids compounds in large amount. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of Saponins and Flavonoids compounds revealed the retension factor values (Rf) as 0.869 and 0.92 when compared with the standards gymnemic acid and quercetin as 0.862 and 0.92 respectively
Keywords: Phytochemical analysis, chromatographic studies Pergularia tomentosa L, Mitracarpus scaber ZUCC